Eczema and Psoriasis

The causes of eczema are multifactorial and may include:
Genetics: Eczema often has a genetic component, with a family history of the condition increasing the risk.
Immune System Dysfunction: Immune system abnormalities can contribute to the development of eczema.
Skin Barrier Dysfunction: Individuals with eczema have a compromised skin barrier, which makes the skin more susceptible to irritants and allergens.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to triggers such as pollen, pet dander, or harsh weather conditions can exacerbate eczema.
Irritants and Allergens: Certain substances, like fragrances, detergents, and certain fabrics, can irritate the skin and worsen eczema.

Diagnosing eczema usually involves a clinical assessment by a healthcare provider or dermatologist. Key aspects of diagnosis include:
Medical History: A thorough review of the patient's medical history and family history can provide insights into the likelihood of eczema.
Clinical Evaluation: Healthcare providers assess the appearance and location of skin rashes, along with any associated symptoms like itching.
Patch Testing: In some cases, patch testing may be conducted to identify specific allergens or irritants that trigger eczema.
Rule Out Other Conditions: Dermatologists may need to rule out other skin conditions that can mimic eczema, such as psoriasis or contact dermatitis.

Eczema creams are central to the management of this skin condition. They may include the following types of products:
Emollients: Emollient creams and ointments are essential for maintaining skin hydration and restoring the skin's natural barrier.
Topical Steroids: Topical corticosteroids can reduce inflammation and alleviate itching during eczema flare-ups.
Calcineurin Inhibitors: These are non-steroidal creams that can reduce inflammation and are particularly useful for sensitive areas like the face.
Antihistamines: In some cases, oral or topical antihistamines can help relieve itching.
Wet Wrap Therapy: This involves applying an emollient and wrapping the affected skin with wet bandages to enhance hydration.
Biologic Medications: In severe cases, biologic medications may be prescribed to modulate the immune system.
It's essential to work with a healthcare provider or dermatologist to determine the most appropriate treatments for your specific type of eczema.

Preventive measures for managing eczema include:
Hydration: Keeping the skin well-hydrated with emollients and moisturisers can prevent flare-ups.
Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding allergens and irritants that exacerbate eczema is crucial.
Gentle Cleansing: Using mild, fragrance-free soaps and avoiding hot water can prevent skin dryness.
Allergen Avoidance: For individuals with identified allergens, reducing exposure to these substances is key.
Regular Follow-Ups: Consistent follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider can help track progress and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atopic-eczema/